Brain Bites
Daily Values Are Useful—but They Are Not an Athlete’s Nutrition Plan
Daily Values help athletes read nutrition labels, but they are not performance targets. Learn how to interpret %DV for protein, carbohydrate, sodium and micronutrients.
Trans Fats, Saturated Fats, and Heart Disease: What the Evidence Really Says
Diets high in trans fats and saturated fats are linked with increased heart disease risk. Learn how fat quality affects LDL cholesterol, heart health, and better food choices.
Ketoacidosis: When Ketone Production Goes Too Far
Ketoacidosis occurs when excessive ketone production makes the blood dangerously acidic. Learn the difference between nutritional ketosis and ketoacidosis in this GPNi science article.
Is Excess Sugar Really Stored as Fat?
Excess sugar can be stored as fat, but the process depends on energy needs, glycogen storage, and overall calorie balance. Learn the evidence-based explanation behind this common nutrition question.
Female Athlete Triad: Why “Eating Less to Perform Better” Can Undermine Health and Performance
Female Athlete Triad is a key concept in female athlete health, linking low energy availability, menstrual disturbance, and low bone mineral density. Learn how evidence-based sports nutrition supports performance, recovery, and long-term health.
Saturated Fat and Trans Fat: Why “Fat Quality” Matters in Performance Nutrition
Learn why saturated fat should be limited and trans fat should be avoided in a performance-focused diet, and how fat quality supports long-term health, recovery, and athletic consistency.
Hormone-Sensitive Lipase: The Enzyme That Helps Unlock Stored Fat
Discover the role of hormone-sensitive lipase in lipolysis, fat metabolism, and aerobic energy production, and why it matters in exercise physiology and sports nutrition.
What Does an RER Above 1.0 Mean During Exercise?
A practical guide to respiratory exchange ratio (RER), carbohydrate vs fat use during exercise, and why RER above 1.0 usually appears during hard efforts.
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